Factors of the Jewish Dispersion - 715 Words

The destination of the Jewish dispersion varied especially based on the occupations of the Jews. The actual Diaspora really took place when thousands of Hebrew elites and craftsmen were deported and dispersed to Babylon. This occurred to concentrate the various skills of the Jewish in separate arenas and to use these individually skilled communities for the benefit of the Babylonians. For example, as previously mentioned the most skilled and elite Jews were dispersed to Babylon—the heart of the Babylonian empire. Thus, the better trained and more adept a Jew was, the more opportunity the Jew had to serve for empire in higher ranks solely to meet the needs of the empire and its rulers. This helped the empires exiling the Jews to prosper, but unfortunately created rifts and gaps within the Hebrew community. This pattern of dispersion, which was developed by the Babylonians and used by the Romans to scatter the Jews, allowed for these dominant empires to prosper, however, limited the interaction within the Hebrew community and resulted in the diminishing originality and novelty of the skilled Jews. Despite the use of the uniform dispersion pattern based on the occupations of the Jews, the reason why Jews were exiled and dispersed varied depending on the imposing empire of the time, which performed these actions. The Hebrew Diaspora was caused by different factors depending on the group exiling the Hebrews. In other words, the reason for dispersing the Hebrews depended on theShow MoreRelatedThe Hebrew Diaspora998 Words   |  4 PagesKingdom of Israel. Both the Assyrians and the Babylonians drove the Hebrew out of their home of Israel (also known as Judea). Therefore, the early actions of the Assyrians and Babylonians were the earliest of the forces, which ultimately led to the dispersion of the Hebrew community. Furthermore, the actions of the Assyrians and Babylonians led to split of Israel, with the Kingdom of Israel in the north, and the Kingdom of Juda h in the south. Despite the fragmentation of the Hebrew community, the culture-drivenRead MoreTurning Points in Jewish History1125 Words   |  5 PagesTurning Point in Jewish History Diaspora will not be the death of a religion. The concept may seem to make sense to us, but the realization of this is what turned desperation of a displaced people into a lasting religion. The Babylonian exile of the Jews had such monumental and lasting effects, it has become proverbial. There have been many events in Jewish History that can be seen as specific turning points. Arguably, the most pivotal turning point may have been within the years of about 632Read MoreChristianity And The Rise Of Christianity1395 Words   |  6 Pagesthe prophecies foretold in the Old Testament. The first Christians were all Jewish, either by birth, or by conversion and were referred to as Jewish Christians. The traditional view has been that Judaism existed before Christianity and that Christianity separated from Judaism sometime after the destruction of the Second Temple. â€Å"Christianity arose as a movement within the Jewish community, not in the lands of the dispersion but in the land of Israel.† The first Christian community was centered inRead MoreDuring The Iron Age Between 590-529 B.c1415 Words   |  6 Pageskingdom of Babylon was full of opposition by the people, which made the Persians capture of Babylon effortless. In 535 B.C.E., the Persians allowed the Jews of Babylon to return home, showing respect for the Babylonian subject peoples and initiating the Jewish Diaspora (Making Europe 53-54). The last invasion that the Persians made around this time period was in 525 B.C.E., when Cambyses, the second ruler of the Persians invaded and captured Egypt. The period between 590-529 B.C.E., according to RichardRead MoreFaith vs. Works Essay example1756 Words   |  8 Pages59). James Ch. 2: 1-26 relates to James as a whole by addressing sin, judgment and focusing on living out one’s faith. The commonly accepted author for the Book of James is James the Just, the Lord’s brother. James practiced strict adherence to Jewish tradition although he did not require it of others. James was called the â€Å"Just† because of his extraordinary equality and wisdom. James was also known as â€Å"Camel Knees† because of the calluses on his knees from long hours of prayer. The authoritativeRead MoreIntertestamental Paper3091 Words   |  13 Pagescommanding the Greek language as the official language for government and the de facto language for commerce. Many people began to give their children Greek names, and local styles of art and architecture began to imitate Greek models. Even some of the Jewish High Priests took Greek names. All of this was not a good turn of events for Israel since the Greek culture was very ungodly and humanistic. Despite the bright and promising future ahead of him, Alexander met an unexpected death in Babylon at theRead MoreJudaism : A Religion Of Today2023 Words   |  9 PagesGenesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. This is the law of the Jewish people or the holy book by which all abide. Being one of, if not the most resilient religions known to date, I have developed a deep understanding and relation with the faith. This is one of the many reasons as to why I chose to study Judaism. Starting with Abraham, the founding father of the Jewish faith is where the history of the Jewish religion began. This history begins during the Bronze age in the Middle EastRead More The Relationship Between Religion and Israel Essay3173 Words   |  13 Pagescall the holy land, the land, which Jesus walked, however, it is widely acknowledged that tensions between secular and religious sectors constitute a salient feature of Israeli society. If one were to try to summarize the relationship of Israel to Jewish religion, he would say that it is related but not equivalent to certain concepts of Israel. Most people think of the holy land when they hear the names Israel but one must ask the question is Israel truly the holy land. This essay will show theRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Essenes and the Dead Sea Scrolls4626 Words   |  19 Pagesfrom 200 B.C. to A.D. 68. Those from Wadi Murabba’at go up to A.D. 132-135. In the Khirbet Qumran near the cave where the first discoveries were made there has been found the ruins of a cemetery and a settlement which had been the nucleus of a Jewish community which Father de Vaux views as possibly being the wilderness retreat of the Essenes. It will take a whole generation of Biblical scholars to assess the value of these manuscripts† (Harding, 1956) Read MoreThe Gog and Magog Prophecy in Ezekiel 38-39 Essay3394 Words   |  14 Pagesalso referred to in the record of nations found in Genesis 10, this record hosts an inventory of Noah’s sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth. This emanates following the post Noetic Flood directives to â€Å"replenish the earth† (Gen. 9), as well as, afore the dispersion (Gen. 11) at Babel. Gen 10:2-5 references the seven lads of Japheth while mid-chapter attends to the four stems of Ham’s offspring (10:6-20); finally referencing the lads of Shem (10:21-31). Ezekiel 38:2 The initial name given by Ezekiel in

Qualiity Assurance Essay - 862 Words

043: Manage quality in health and social care or children and young people’s settings. Analyse how legislative and regulatory frameworks inform quality standards that apply to the work setting. The main regulatory framework that we follow is the EYFS welfare requirements. The requirements are broken down into sections: * The learning and development requirements This details how we must work in partnership with parents and carers, promote the areas of learning preparing them for school. It ensures we support families that has English as an additional language and highlights the need for key workers. * Assessment This section describes how we, as practitioners, monitor how the children are progressing and in which areas.†¦show more content†¦5. English as an additional language has a clearer focus 6. Wrap-around care now does not need to deliver the EYFS when the time the child spends there is limited. 7. With regard to child protection there is examples of adult’s behaviour which may indicate child abuse and neglect. 8. Again with regard to child protection the EYFS now has strict guidelines about the use of mobile phones and cameras. 9. The decision of who is a suitable person to manage a setting has been simplified and returned to the hands of the setting owner with guidelines. 10. Supervision of staff is compulsory and has been detailed to ensure encouragement of continual professional development. 11. Childminders must complete training in the EYFS. 12. There may be some exceptions to the staff:child ratios. 13. It is now up to the providers to carry out and judge risk a ssessments; they must be recorded in writing. Analyse how quality standards influence positive outcomes for individuals. Parents and carers * They receive a high quality standard of childcare and education. * They are secure in the knowledge that their child is in a safe, secure environment. * They are kept well informed about their child progress through a good partnership with the setting. * Through positive inclusion all parents and carers will feel valued within the setting with their opinions listened to. * They can feelShow MoreRelatedQuality Assurance : The Act Of Giving Confidence1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe phrases â€Å"quality assurance† and â€Å"quality control† are frequently used interchangeably to refer to methods of ensuring the quality of a service or product. These phrases, however, have different meanings. â€Å"ï » ¿ Assurance: The act of giving confidence, the state of being certain or the act of making certain. Quality Assurance: The planned and systematic activities implemented in a quality system so that quality requirements for a product or service will be fulfilled. Control: An evaluation to indicate

Organizational conflict free essay sample

Conflict can arise when two or more people or individuals in an organisation have different interests and they pursue these interests intensely. It can also occur when people in a group have different opinions about something even though they both are working to attain the same goal; they just cannot agree on how to go about it. Therefore, conflict can be defined as a process that starts when one individual or group believes that another is negatively affecting their progress in something. Conflict is also an interactive process manifested in incompatibility, disagreement, dissonance between two social entities, e. g. individuals, groups or organisations. Causes of conflict in an organisation Some of the causes of conflict in an organisation include; 1. Poor communication – some individuals in organisations can be rude, or messages can be misinterpreted due to bad communication etiquette or poor communication. This therefore leads to conflict between individuals. 2. Scarce resources or time – when the resources are scarce, people tend to fight over the ones available, for instance, if there is only one photocopier in an organisation of about 20 people and most people want to make copies at the same time, then they will tend to argue over it, others might want to make copies before others maybe because of deadline issues. 3. Poor performance and its associated pressures – if an employee is performing poorly, the supervisors or those above him/her would be very harsh and pressurize them to complete tasks in time, or improve the quality. This can cause conflict between the two. The employee can even get fired for such. 4. Ambiguity in tasks or goals for a team and its members – some team leaders or supervisors, set goals that cannot be achieved or give out tasks to their juniors. This can cause hatred and conflict, causing them not to get along 5. Struggles for power and favour – employees in most organisations are always in a competition for power and favours from those in management. They always seek promotions from their current positions to higher positions in the organisation. Therefore, if two people are fighting for the same position, they get to be in conflict with one another. 6. Social Inequality – There are social classes in all organisations, those that are rich, the middle class and the poor. There can be discrimination with regard to the same whereby the rich oppress the poor, for instance the workers who serve tea or clean the washrooms in organisations can be discriminated upon by the managers who view themselves to be in a higher social class than them. 7. Differing Inter-organisational Values – People in an organisation have different values; for instance, one can be humble and full of integrity while another can be very aggressive, and rude. These values that people hold can cause conflict between individuals. Effects of conflict in an organisation Organizational conflict can have either positive or negative effect to the organisation, some of these effects include; 1. Change- Conflict accelerates change in an organization, especially in small businesses, where it is easy to formulate and implement new policies. Conflict prompts modification of policies and operation procedures in the organization. When the conflict is extreme, an organisation may conduct a complete overhaul of its leadership, bringing in new managers with ideas. 2. Decrease in Productivity when an organization spends much of its time dealing with conflict, members tend to focus less on the project at hand and more on conflict. As a result, organizations can lose money, donors and access to essential resources. 3. Innovation Conflict that results into healthy competition cultivates innovation and inventiveness amongst employees. In times of conflict, there is a high sense of necessity that results into the emergence of divergent viewpoints amongst employees. 4. Waste of Time and Resources The business may lose precious time and resources at times of conflict. Instead of concentrating on meeting their objectives, employees waste time on divisive issues. Misuse of business materials and funds is quite rampant when conflicting parties engage in warfare. Wrangles, stress and emotional confrontations reduce the workers productivity, and eventually, the profitability of the business. 5. Violence When conflict increases without mediation, intense situations may arise between organization members. It’s unfortunate, but organizational conflicts may cause violence among members, resulting in legal problems for members and possibly the organization. 6. Members Leave Organization -Organization members who are increasingly frustrated with the level of conflict within an organization may decide to end their membership. Strategies of managing conflict in an organisation There are five main approaches or strategies for managing conflict between individuals in an organisation; 1. Avoiding – this occurs when both parties realize that they are in conflict but act by withdrawing from it or postponing the conflict. It is a very passive approach and is best used as a stopgap measure to give oneself time to decide how best to resolve the underlying problem that is causing the conflict. 2. Accommodating – this occurs when one side resolves the conflict by giving in to the other side at the expense of at least one of his or her interests or needs. It is also a passive approach but it can be rational if the other party has too much power and is willing to use it. Accommodating might be useful if the relationship between the people in conflict is more important to them than the conflict itself, thus each side might be inclined to accommodate the other. 3. Compromising – this occurs when both sides gain or lose in order to resolve the conflict making each side both partially satisfied and partially dissatisfied. 4. Forcing – This occurs when one side decides to satisfy their own needs regardless of the impact on the other side. It is a very aggressive approach. 5. Collaborating – this is an attempt made by one or both parties to fully satisfy the needs of both parties. It assumes that both sides have legitimate goals and that creative thinking can transform conflict into an opportunity for both of them to achieve their goals.

McDonald at Balham in London

Question: Describe about the satisfaction in perspective of fast food industry and specifically on McDonald at Balham in London? Answer: Abstract This research assignment report will focus on selected topic customers satisfaction in perspective of fast food industry and specifically on McDonald. Customer satisfaction is essential and more important in hospitality sectors. Most of researchers have researched that supported and justified the importance and levels of focus of each organization in perspective of customers satisfaction through cater range of products and services. The research project is discussed on importance of customers satisfaction and their overall impact on McDonald. Through literature review the research assignment will reflect how customer satisfaction is important factor exists and potential scenario to create customer loyalty, business continuity and sustainability with respect to fast food industry. Literature review present information based on available data in secondary sources that involves past research articles, journals and web based reliable and authenticate sites that discussed and justified importance and role of customers satisfaction in existing competitive business environment. The research majorly focus on different practice that are using by McDonald in perspective of catering products and services and level of satisfaction involves in overall process in existing scenario. The literature review also present and discuss some models that reflect importance of service models in perspective of measure degree of services and satisfaction. (Anderson, 2009) Introduction and Background Background of the Study This research assignment report will contain in-depth, descriptive and analytical information on McDonald who is operating its business at Balham in London. The research report will focus on one of common and most important factor customers satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is one of the critical issue that face by most of the fast food businesses. The research assignment report will reflect detail research information on identified important factor that is Customer satisfaction in McDonald. This research report will present existing practices, strategies and processes that McDonald is using to maintain their customers satisfaction and discuss how effectively McDonald is managing customers satisfaction. 1. Formulate research project outline specifications Proposal for a research project Customer satisfaction is the major and important parameter in any organization. With respect to high competition, the business needs to focus on an availability of the business. The company is facing issues with CRM strategies and there is a need to manage and maintain the customer loyalty with respect to customer satisfaction. It could be important with respect to proper implementation as well as training of CRM in McDonalds. This will help the company to increase the sales and business with respect to companys image. (Wetsch, 2008) The major area of research is the strategic issue developed by the organization that has been conducted in McDonalds, Balham London. The participants belong to different departments in the company such as human resources, quality department as well as customer services. (Carey, 2012) The present situation of the company is to increase is that the consumers has decreased their spending habits and McDonalds has done well to overcome the issues and followed major steps of marketing strategies to increase the sales and profits. The company followed the higher level of services to meet the customer complaints and they focused on handling the situation with respect to customer complaints. 2. Factors that contribute to the process of research project selection Research questions To implement the effective CRM strategy in McDonalds Balham, London? To develop the customer loyalty with effective approaches of CRM? The major advantages of strong customer services in hospitality industry? On-the-job training will help to implement the customer relations management? Justification of selection Continuous changes and changing requirements of customers in hospitality sector is important. It is essential for McDonalds, Balham to deal with customer satisfaction, safety and enjoyment of customers. The strategies of decision making are important for business and it also helps to improve the process successfully. Thus, it is vital to deal with the issues with respect to customer satisfaction and the quality of the products. According to the case of McDonalds, Balham, the company is facing huge issues with respect to customer satisfaction. There is a need to deal with those challenges and McDonald is required to achieve high level of customer satisfaction. The company will offer on the job training to meet with success and also it will create a huge difference in the organization. (Rigby, 2013) Research questions were discussed to deal with the quick and easy approaches in terms of maintaining the strong customer relationships and this is important for customer satisfaction. Factors supported with secondary research The major purpose of the research proposal is to deal with the strategic challenge that leads to customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the essential parameter for maintaining customer relations and it will help in identifying and improving the different factors that can limit the customer satisfaction to meet the major criterias such as quality, commitment, satisfaction and improvements. (Read, 2009) Secondary research Secondary research includes relevant information from different reliable sources. It is based on the sources of direct communication and face to face interaction that helps to meet the observational techniques. This is vital for the researcher to communicate with the respondents and it helps the researcher to fill the questionnaires and to provide the complete information on the same. Secondary data is a great source for internet that helps in using the internet to develop the major area. This method also helps to collect the information and it saves time and offers database in a long range. (Nimer Som, 2012) Thus, the comprehensive section of literature review deals with the steps for research questionnaires and analysis. This will also help to meet the strategy and it will determine the potential advantages to meet the information for major goals. 3. Undertake a critical review of key references Literature review McDonalds is the worlds largest food service retailer with more than 3000 restaurants in 119 countries. The company operates for increasing loyalty and CRM helps to develop the customer loyalty and increase its effectiveness in organization. (Forwardanalytics, 2006) Implement effective customer relationship management in McDonalds Balham, London Customer depends on the skills and abilities that can provide strong customer relationship with their relationship. CRM implementation helps to develop the loyal and potential customers to invest on quality and money. CRM helps to enable the technology and McDonalds; Balham can track the customer satisfaction by creating a strong relationship with the customer. CRM is not only the application of technology but it is vital to meet the needs of the customers. Effective CRM helps in McDonalds help to identify the strong association. There are opportunities with respect to major sources such as direct marketing and online sales that are vital to achieve the goals and objectives. (Ialongo, 2001) Customer relationship management helps to deal with the major insight of the business. This helps to understand the improvement of customer relations. McDonalds, Balham can try to implement effective customer relationship management to improve the customer experiences. Customer loyalty increases with effective CRM With the effective CRM, loyalty increases. CRM software is important to increase the loyalty in variety of ways. It also increases loyalty and this creates synergy among the process of business. It easily tracks the level of retention of the customer and also employee retention plays an important role in CRM. Loyal customers are the valuable parameters to offer sales at retention cost. It offers support and cooperation for easy and fast response to deal with the CRM closely. McDonald can try to deal with customer loyalty and it can increase the business functions and customer loyalty. With the help of CRM, McDonalds, Balham can create safety to improve the quality of the products. CRM is important to develop the quality of the products. (Doyle, 2011) Advantages of strong customer services in hospitality sector Customer service determines the requirements and expectations of customers. Customer service is the major tool in the organization as it helps in effective customer loyalty. Service quality helps to deal with tangibility, assurance, reliability, empathy and responsiveness. The model of Servqual develops high accuracy and quality in the customers mind and it helps to offer strong parameters of service quality. Excellent customer service helps in evaluating the service quality and meeting the customers expectations to measure the customer relations. This deals with high quality. With the help of effective customer service, business can develop strong outcomes. With the development of strong morale, it can create the pleasant work atmosphere. Excellent customer service is highly important for the hospitality industry and it places the business in the forefront of the customers. McDonalds Balham can increase the tool to enhance the referrals with the enhancement of customer expectations. (Bowen, 2006) On the job training implement effective CRM With the help of on the job training, McDonalds Balham, London can increase the loyalty of customers in multiple ways. With the on-the-job training, the customer complaints will be handled successfully. Literature helps to develop the research problem and question with respect to the research study. It deals with the clear identification of literature towards research question. This involves scholars, journals, books, other sources. It also contains news papers, other secondary sources etc. The research based on the descriptive study helps to identify the customer satisfaction and it will involve close ended as well as multiple type selections. It also measures the data and feedbacks with respect to the attitude of the employees. Thus, research is vital to measure the rate of satisfaction. It is important to collect the data and it identifies the information to reach the effective outcomes. This contains strong outcomes to meet the research. (Bryman, 2004) Primary research identifies the information associated with the particular topic. Secondary research contains data from multiple sources and it is vital to know the real image in the minds of the researcher. This research will focus on questionnaires and surveys to conduct the research properly and the secondary data includes major sources of internet that helps to save time and offer a huge database in a long range. Secondary data is the major source of internet and it uses main idea of secondary step. This contains literature review, case study and research that offer clear understanding of secondary information. (Bae, 2012) 4. Research project specification Aim and objective of research Aim of this research is to analyze current level of satisfaction in McDonald. Objectives Explore different theories and practical process to enhance customers satisfaction in fast food industry and specifically in McDonald. Discuss and rate key factors that impact customers satisfaction in fast food industry, hospitality sector and McDonald. Conduct research to support and justify relevance and importance of customers satisfaction in McDonald Chosen methodology The major data collection technique is to collect the information from the respondents as it offers clear idea on the knowledge and expertise. This could be achieving on the basis of direct communication and face to face interaction. It is very important to communicate directly with the respondents and the research helps with the chosen methodology called as surveys as well as questionnaires to communicate with the participants. (Joseph, 2014) Sample The sample respondents of 20 senior managers were taken to deal the suitability and convenience. The participants were grouped from 30-50 years of age and they were asked to fill the questionnaires. They were able to know the views and experiences of the strategic issues in McDonalds Balham, London. Hypothesis H0: CRM is vital for McDonalds, Balham London to create high loyalty and to make them satisfied. This develops positive perception to improve on the products as well as services quality which is vital for McDonalds, Balham, London. H1: CRM is vital for McDonalds, Balham London to create high loyalty and to make them satisfied. This develops positive perception to improve on the products as well as services quality which is not vital for McDonalds, Balham, and London. Result The research is proving null hypothesis H0: The researcher has chosen H0 as null hypothesis. H1: The researcher has taken H1 as hypothesis. Null hypothesis: Not critical = H1 (Methodsofdiscovery.net. 2014) With the help of the above graph, the research discussed importance of effective CRM in McDonalds Balham, London to deal with the strategic issues and to resolve customer complaints with respect to the research and necessary implementations. Thus it is necessary to focus on implementing effective CRM strategies according to the respondent views and experiences. (Methodsofdiscovery.net, 2014) Obstacles and challenges There were issues with the number of respondents due to less time and lack of financial resources. The challenges with the research works are as follows: Limited number of sample size is the major challenge during the interview and questionnaires as well as surveys. With the insufficiency of the interviews and surveys, it was complex to gather the most relevant information from McDonald on customer satisfaction. The issues of ethics were another limitation for its research. The issue of privacy, confidentiality and other issues were the major challenge in the research. A. Appropriate plan and procedures Action plan and target dates Research completion timeframe List of activities /------- Months 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month Literature review based on past research, articles and journals on research topic Identify, define, design research aim, objective, research questions for data collection and research Research methodologies (Primary Secondary research ) to collect data in perspective of research aim an d objective Final research report preparation ( include facts and figures based on collected data, graphical representation and all) (Prasongsukarn, 2014) Action Plan, Monitoring and Updating activities In the above in Gantt chart reflect the timeline to complete the research activities in different phases according to involve list of activities in each phase. To understand the importance of customers satisfaction in fast food industry and in McDonald this research will drive in following ways: The major activity will be survey and data gathering during survey that will provide real scenario, facts and figures for McDonald. Direct interaction with customers will help in terms of rate the level of satisfaction based on identified factors and parameters in questionnaires that are may be affecting customers practices and processes. Data collection for research is completely based on two techniques that involves primary data collection techniques that have direct interaction with customers who are coming McDonald and share their view through structured questionnaires and another methodology is secondary source that reflect past research result. Conclusion To conclude, researcher is able to collect information on internal business practices, processes and strategies of McDonalds in terms of catering their products and services and how these all strategies impacting the level of satisfaction among customers. The analysis of internal communication process, management, response time and customers feedback reflect McDonalds position in existing scenario along with customers preferences. Continuous observation, interaction and internal auditing will help to monitor overall research work and help to generate more appropriate and accurate data for research. (Media.com, 2004) References Anderson, T. 2010. Improving customer loyalty through a regular customer program: Final thesis report. Retrieved from https://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/16386/Savolainen_Teemu.pdf?sequence=2 Bae, H. 2012. Three essays on the customer satisfaction customer loyalty association: Iowa research online. University of Iowa. Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3256context=etd Bowen, D. 2006. Managing customers as human resources in service organizations: Human resource management. Vol. 25. No. 3, pp. 371-383. Bryman, A. 2004. Social research methods. 2nd ed. Oxford University. Carey, J. 2014. An investigation into the extent to which guest knowledge and familiarity of the Marriott brand differs from their experiences in a London hotel, pp. 38 Doyle, C. 2011. Finding and using information: Literature searching. University of West London. Forwardanalytics. 2006. Benefits of customer satisfaction and loyalty programs: Forward analytics. Gustavsson, S. 2005. Customer loyalty: Bachelors thesis, pp. 52. Ialongo, D. 2001. Building customer loyalty: Destination CRM.com Infoentrepreneurs. 2009. Customer relationship management: Info entrepreneurs. Retrieved from https://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/customer-relationship-management/ Joseph, C. 2014. What are the benefits of delivering excellent customer service: Small business. Marketingdonut. 2014. Using CRM effectively and building customer relationships: The marketing donut. Resources for your business. Media.com. 2004. Apply the power of CRM to build customer loyalty: Chapter 8. No. 8, pp. 123. Methodsofdiscovery.net. 2014. Chapter 4: Finding and evaluating research sources. Nimer, A. Som, A. 2012. Service quality management in hotel industry: A conceptual framework for food and beverage departments. Vol. 7. No. 14, pp. 33-81. Northwestbusiensslife.co.uk. 2013. The importance of customer service in the hospitality industry: North west business life. Prasongsukarn, K. 2014. Customer relationship management from theory to practice: Implementation steps. Read, B. 2009. Top tips to build and keep customer loyalty with CRM: Customer interaction solutions. Rigby, D. 2013. Winning customer loyalty is the key to a winning CRM strategy: Ivey business journal. Songer, D., Molenaar, K. Robinson, G. 2007. Selection factors and success criteria for design build in the U.S. and U.K: University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://www.colorado.edu/engineering/civil/Design-Build/papers/usuk/ Wetsch, R. 2008. Trust satisfaction and loyalty in customer relationship management: Journal of relationship marketing. Vol. 4. No. 4, pp. 29-42. Section B: Please rate the level of Importance effective CRM:- SL Parameters Extremely Unimportant Unimportant Average important Important Extremely Important 1 Customer relations 1 2 3 4 5 2 Corporate image 1 2 3 4 5 3 Improvement in core strategy. 1 2 3 4 5 4 You were satisfied with on-the-job training 1 2 3 4 5 5 Customer satisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 Effective customer services 1 2 3 4 5 7 Product quality 1 2 3 4 5 8 Easy access to customer information 1 2 3 4 5 9 Increase sales effectiveness 1 2 3 4 5 10 Reduce customer support time 1 2 3 4 5 11 Quick response 1 2 3 4 5 12 Referrals 1 2 3 4 5 13 Cost effective marketing 1 2 3 4 5 14 Opportunities maximization 1 2 3 4 5 15 Long term profits 1 2 3 4 5 16 Employee retention 1 2 3 4 5 17 Continuous improvements 1 2 3 4 5 18 Sales force automation 1 2 3 4 5 19 Lead management 1 2 3 4 5 20 Overall performance 1 2 3 4 5

E-commerce Market Essays - Marketing, Pricing Strategies

E-commerce Market The firm's objectives can be met and a go?ahead is suggested subject to addressing the recommendations. Macrosegmentation of the market identified machinery, wood, base metals and plastics as target markets for the firm. Revenue expectation based on a 0.4% market share is $329,000. Break even is $259,000 and requires contributions from 17 customer projects at an average billing of $15,000. The budget set for implementing the promotional mix is $100,000. Target ROI = 15%. The following recommendations must be considered before start-up: 1. Protect service names and marks. 2. Conduct a microsegmentation analysis to refine market segment intelligence. 3. Develop multisegment targeting strategies for the chosen markets. 4. Ensure that funds are in place for first year's operation. 5. Develop a decision support system including customer details, candidates for networking and reciprocity. 6. Complete 3 ? 4 assignments at cost to establish a credible portfolio. Use as a source of referrals. 7. Obtain ISO 9000 certification ? "walk the talk". Apply benchmarking standards. 8. Develop assessment and promotional tools using the firm's service. If the service is to work for the client it should work for the firm. 9. Finalize details of the promotional plan. 10. Develop influence as a trade mission co-ordinator. Organizational Mission The firm's mission is to provide innovative and effective global marketing services to British Columbia industries. They focus on E-business as a primary means of achieving client objectives and measure their effectiveness in terms of customer satisfaction and referral business. Market Opportunity Analysis Analysis of the size and sustainability of various market segments. The segmentation basis used is demographic. Primary descriptors are geography, customer type, growth rate and size. Demographics ? (BC Statistics) There are 13,700 small and medium exporters in BC ? 4.6% of all businesses in British Columbia. They account for $3.7 billion or 13% of British Columbia's total export value. The average small and medium exporter typically exports $269,500 annually. Rising trend ? small and medium exporters 1000 per annum and export $200+ million per annum. British Columbia's small and medium exporters typically ship "value added" products ? less susceptible to economic slowdowns. During a recent slowdown they actually increased their exports by $12 million. 79% of small and medium exporters are dependent on the United States as their primary export market. Environmental Scan (Purchasing On-line) Social Forces Increasing competition is forcing higher standards in the global marketplace ? TQM, ISO 9000. Globalization of trade increasing competitive pressure on domestic producers due to foreign competition ? simultaneously offering new opportunities for export. Small and mid-sized businesses often lack vision and resources to develop world class enterprises ? need help. Political/Legal Forces Various Governments are attempting to stimulate business on the Internet ? taxation moratorium, privacy protection, copyright protection and fewer regulations. Technology Dramatic increase in Internet use for business ? 73% of corporate buyers use the Internet. Opinion leaders such as IBM are shifting their entire purchasing systems onto the Internet. Vendor analysis is more efficient ? faster and more comprehensive comparison of supplier alternatives. Distribution improvement ? intermediaries become redundant as suppliers and buyers connect directly. Purchasing cycle time reduced ? RFQ's that used to take 20 days to process now take 20 minutes. Shipping/Logistics ? tracking, price brokering, inventory/shipping integration are streamlined. Real-time Supplier/Purchaser dialogue and co-operative design over the Internet eliminates waste, reduces costs and speeds up new product development. Internet not expected to be significantly affected by Y2K problems in either North America or Europe. Perceptions of transaction security remain a concern. (This perception is rapidly diminishing) Suppliers are ill equipped to provide E-commerce ? (Actually a plus for Global Reach Inc.) Heterogeneity of service is a concern as buyers are confronted with numerous unfamiliar suppliers and engage in extensive, high-involvement decision-making. ? (Actually a plus for Global Reach Inc.) Competitive Analysis (Business in Vancouver, The AD Pages, telephone survey) There are 51 Marketing Consultants operating in the Lower Mainland. Average market share of 1.9% is inferred ? no data available. Web page development and media promotion are standard. Larger firms have the capacity to develop E-commerce solutions but are focusing on expensive EDP and Intranet strategies ? suitable for only the larger exporting firms. Some are involved in E-commerce on the Internet ? no significant impact on the market. Methods of charging for services are fixed price quotations, cost plus arrangements, often with performance bonuses. Assume average annual billing per client is $15,000. Fee range = $25 ? $200+ per hour. Target Market Profile

Personal Opinion Of Human Psychology And Dr. Busca Essays - Emotions

Personal Opinion Of Human Psychology And Dr. Busca Essays - Emotions Personal Opinion Of Human Psychology And Dr. Buscaglia The questions posed to me are what I think of Human Psychology and the views of Dr. Buscaglia. My answers are no where near as easy as the questions. I don't know very much about Human Psychology, but from what I do know I think it is a great way to learn about people. I feel this way because I believe the self is a very important part of life. Dealing with a persons troubles in a conscious way will help them learn to deal with it on their own. On the later subject I am very well informed. I saw this video once in High School and it still gives me goose bumps. I do agree with Dr. Buscaglia on his views. His ideas sound wonderful, but we must be realistic. Our world doesn't work that way. Some people are really nice and do care, but others love pity. They play on others to build themselves up. Love is a gift and should be cherished, but I do believe that it would take ages to create the kind of love he is talking about. It is a very slim chance that it will ever happen. If you look, throughout history, as long as there have been people there has been hate. Those rotten few have and will always ruin it for the rest. It is not their fault, not their parent, grandparent and so on. Its human nature to hate crave greed lust and other such sins. We dont mean to be like that its just the way we are. There is no good without evil, no light without dark, and no love without . If our species accepts that, we might be able to get a foo thold on true love.

Slavery in the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Slavery in the United States - Research Paper Example In 1612 English planter John Rolfe who settled in Jamestown, Virginia was credited with successfully cultivating tobacco as an export crop in Virginia. Earlier English settlers did not like the taste of the tobacco grown there. In order to improve the taste Rolfe crossed the breed from Trinidad which had a sweeter taste with the Virginia tobacco to produce a plant that took well to the local soil. Rolfe was the first to cultivate these plants in North America and its export resulted in a boost of the Virginia colony’s economy. The popularity of tobacco in England and the available land in the Virginia colony led to plantations all over Virginia. Tobacco crops could best grow on extensive farmland. Growers constantly needed additional labor. Colonial leaders wanted indentured servants. That included â€Å"20 and some odd Negroes† brought to Virginia by a Dutch ship in 1619.† Blacks had been captured in Africa and were sold at auction in Jamestown. There have been c onflicting accounts indicating how the first blacks in America were treated. â€Å"The status of the first blacks in the New World remains somewhat mysterious, and any thesis about the change in black status generates sharp controversy.† ... e were many black indentured servants in Virginia and Maryland during the much of the 1600’s there was also enough white indentured servants that were able to work the plantations in those and other colonies. However during the 1660’s the supply of white servants declined due to the declining birth rate in England. This decline resulted in increased wages for the English so many chose to remain there. In order to make up for this loss planters in the Chesapeake region would get enslaved Africans to work their plantations.4 (Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia). The number of slaves would increase in these colonies as years passed. In the 1660’s slavery spread quickly throughout the colonies. There were more slaves in the South where large plantations grew cotton and other crops. Initially there were no clear laws regarding slaves and some black and white slaves were given freedom after several years. During this time the American colonies passed laws that sti pulated relationships between slaves. One of these laws forbade intermarriage between white colonists and black slaves. Another law indicated that black slaves and the offspring of female slaves would be enslaved for the rest of their lives. These laws were known as slave codes. Under the slave codes slaves were also not allowed to own weapons, get an education, they needed permission from their masters if they wanted to move, and were prevented from testifying against whites in court. (Becker) Slaves on small farms had more freedom than plantation slaves. â€Å"This premise, combined with the natural population growth among the slaves, meant that slavery could survive and grow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Becker 1660 section) Some reasons why Africans were chosen as slaves was because that more miners were needed, the

Financial Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Manager - Essay Example All the operations of the business are initiated and supported by the financial manager's evaluations and judgments. The cost/benefit analysis, the timings of the cash flows, the sources of finance and provision for liquidity are pivotal to the decision-making process of financial management. In the context of the above, a financial manager's role is three fold. He has to perform the functions of capital budgeting, capital structuring and working capital management simultaneously, providing effective risk management. Thus a financial manager best serves the owners of the business (shareholders) by identifying goods and services that add value to the firm because they are desired and valued in the free marketplace. Every business enters into long-term investments in anticipation of promising returns and higher growth. Such investments call for efficient assessments and effective decisions by the financial manager. This process of planning and managing a firm's long-term investments is better known as capital budgeting. In capital budgeting, the financial manager tries to identify investment opportunities that are worth more to the firm than they cost to acquire. This means that the value of the cash flow from generated by an asset exceeds the cost of that asset. Evaluating the size, timing, and risk of future cash flows is the essence of capital budgeting. ... In this area two main issues face the financial manager. One is that how much should the firm borrow and two is that what are least expensive sources of funds for the firm. The capital structure (or financial structure) refers to the specific mixture of long-term debt and equity the firm must use to finance its operations. In addition to deciding on the financing mix, the financial manager has to decide exactly how and where to raise the money. The expenses associated with raising long-term financing is a considerable factor. Therefore different possibilities have to be carefully evaluated. Businesses borrow money from a variety of lenders in a number of different ways. Choosing among lenders and among loan types is another job handled by the financial manager. A financial manager is also responsible for everyday financial activities and for the working capital management. Managing the firm's working capital is a day-to-day activity that ensures the firm has sufficient resources to continue its operations and avoid costly interruptions. The term working capital refers to a firm's short-term assets, such as inventory, and its short-term liabilities, such as money owed to suppliers. The working capital management involves a number of activities related to a firm's receipt and disbursement of cash. The financial manager must plan for and respond to matters as to the amount of cash and quantity of inventory to be kept on hand, should credit be allowed on sales to customers and which sources should be used for short-term financing as and when the need arises. The above three functions of financial management are very broad and only a brief overview of each category is given. By

Reflection Module Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflection Module - Assignment Example In the current project, a research reflection has been done for a 12 days programme which covered many topics of management. The purpose of this current project is to reflect the learning of the 12 days programme and analyse the benefits it will provide to the business. I have analysed four different topics from the programme. These topics were: 1. Managing change 2. Competitive Brand Management Plan 3. Sustainability 4. Food Health Innovation The essential question which framed my reflection project was to be able to properly criticise the objective of the learning and gain meaningful experience from it. We always come across the process of critical reasoning in our daily lives. We have also used this theory and application to solve problems of our daily lives and these reasoning are imbedded in our thoughts. But most of the time, we fail to apply the same theories while pursuing academic work. This will be the major objective of my reflection paper. This reflection paper will study the theories and practical tools which have been discussed and applied in the above mentioned papers and meaningful learning will be interpreted In this paper, I begin with an overview of the theory, articulate my thesis and then preview the learning of my paper. Essentially, I did a mini-review of each research essay to explain how the relevant theory is useful and practical and how they can contribute to solve a business problem. The main audience for this paper was my communication professor but the paper would be reasonably understood by professors and majors in the respective field. Sustainability This topic of my programmes, deals with the sustainability issues in a consumer cooperative in Britain, named as CP Ltd. according to sources, it was found out that CP Ltd was the largest consumer cooperative worldwide having more than 6 million members globally. This research paper helped me to understand a proper sustainability plan which can be applied for resolving issues related to society and economy. During the conduction of this topic, I learned many new things and discovered many new theories which have useful and meaningful interpretations in solving a business problem. During the programme, I leaned that majority of developing countries are over-consuming the natural resources. It was also found out that more than 30 percent of the resources used by people cannot be replenished in future (Adams, 2006). Thus, numerous marketing programmes have been organised and implemented to make people aware of the current situation and warn them, so that they can use these resources in a meaningful manner. The classes helped me understand the numerous problems faced by the government worldwide. These included biodiversity loss, climate change, changing demographics, increasing inequalities and unavailability of basic commodities. Few of the important things discussed during this programme were that consumers are many times motivated to perform things because of so cietal pressure. Lack of proper knowledge, information results in overuse of resources. Also, we cannot expect these consumers and individuals to learn and understand these critical issues by themselves. Apart from this, sustainable consumption is still a niche area of study and companies are still negligent about this critical issue. Thus it is the responsibility of big brands and corporate organisations will be a motivating factor and launch campaigns and other media

What The Socratic Method Is

What The Socratic Method Is First, we must understand what the Socratic Method is, and how it applies to the notion that the unexamined life is not worth living. The Socratic Method is a process of questioning in which Socrates would have an opponent state a thesis and would then deconstruct their argument through the use of questioning and critical thinking. Better ideas are found by identifying and eliminating those that lead to contradictions. The Euthyphro offers a wonderful example of the application of this methodology. Socrates questions each of Euthyphros definitions as to what piety is, and constantly shows how these definitions fail when examined critically. Socrates contention is that Euthyphro is only giving descriptions and examples of pious things, rather than actually offering an objective answer to the essence of which makes a thing pious. Socrates complains that Euthyphro is stringing him along as he is not teaching him what piety actually is. It is important to note the way in which Socrates u ses his method with Euthyphro. Socrates acts as the student, and elevates Euthyphro to that of a mentor, which allows Socrates to lead Euthyphro though the process of critical analysis, as opposed to simply dictating information directly to him. In this way, Socrates allows Euthyphro to examine his own argument, and realize the mistakes that plague it. This begins to give an understanding of what Socrates meant by his notion of the unexamined life. What Socrates was trying to convey with his notions of the unexamined life was not that one must examine their own life for it to have worth, but rather that if one would claim that their life is worthy, they would need to examine it themselves to understand its worth. Socrates argues that living a life where one does not realize their ignorance is a life not worth living because he views knowledge to be directly tied to virtue. In order to live a worthy life, one must seek knowledge, which is a necessary component of his ethics. Using this parallel we can infer that because knowledge can be learned, it must also be possible to learn virtue. From this it follows that virtue can be taught, and we begin to understand that the Socratic Method is Socrates attempt to act as a catalyst for others self-examination. This is exactly what Socrates does with his dialogue in the Euthyphro. He feigns ignorance to elevate Euthyphro to a higher level, and guides him along the path of self-examinati on with his Socratic Method. Virtue then, becomes the pursuit of knowledge through self-examination. To put this in other words; one finds their life to be virtuous or ethical through the answers to the questions that are brought forth through internal examination. Without asking the questions, one will never receive the answers. The Apology and Crito offer strong examples of Socrates ethical philosophy. The Apology deals with the defense offered by Socrates to his accusers for allegations of impiety and corruption of the youth of. Socrates usages of the Socratic Method for the purpose of promoting others into self-examination lead him to question those who claimed to have wisdom, and ultimately he exposed them as ignorant. Questioning the beliefs of the wise men led to his charge of impiety, and the admiration he gained by the youth of Athens as a result of his actions led to his charge of corrupting the youth. Part of Socrates defense in the trial was that through his actions he was simply trying to act as a catalyst for the people of Athens to ultimately find knowledge and gain an understanding of virtue. Socrates is found guilty of the charges against him, and is sentenced to death by ingestion of hemlock. In the face of death, Socrates had the option to flee the city of Athens, but refused as it would h ave been in direct violation of his moral principles. In the Crito, Socrates discusses why he has a duty to stay and face his charge, as well as why the action of fleeing would be unethical. To Socrates, breaking one law would be an injustice to all laws and would cause great harm to the city of Athens. To escape would have been an injustice to Athens itself. As a citizen of Athens, Socrates was endorsing, and willing to abide by the law, and to break the law now after 70 years of life would in effect negate everything that he had advocated throughout his life. The Phaedo discusses notions of life, death, and the soul. With his sentence looming overhead, Socrates contemplates the idea of death and suicide with Cebes and Simmias. He says that a true philosopher should look forward to death, but at the same time however, Socrates also says that though philosophers should be willing to die, it is wrong for them to commit suicide, as he views the gods as the guardians of people and views suicide as a destruction of the gods possession void of any permission to do so. Because death is the separation of the body and the soul, the philosopher is then able to shed all of the distractions of the body wants, desires, and fears which gives them the ability to acquire the knowledge and wisdom that theyve been seeking in their lives. The practice of philosophy then, according to Socrates, is likened to a sort of training for dying in which the philosopher is called to remove himself from his bodily attachment. This offers a stark contrast between the philosopher and the layman. The layman has an illusion of virtue, while the philosopher truly becomes virtuous. The philosopher approaches death with courage, gained from the pursuit of knowledge, while the layman can only have an illusion of virtue as they do not participate in the practice of philosophy, and therefore cannot receive the knowledge and wisdom, and cannot separate themselves from the hindrance of bodily attachments. The Republic establishes that justice is in the class of things that ought to be practiced for their own good, as well as for the good of their consequences. In order to understand exactly what justice is and what it means to live ethically, Socrates gives an example of a city as a large scale concept, and then examines it on a smaller more specific level. He discusses how the people of a city will have their own basic needs, but that the city as a whole will be shared and will have a structured system of education. Socrates also explains that there are four excellences in the city: wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. Socrates compares the city to a person and says that these four excellences must also exist in a person within the soul. Since they all exist in the soul and can often contradict, it is established that the soul is made up of parts and is not a whole. The soul consists of the rational, which judges truth, and makes wise and knowledgeable decisions in accordance wi th an examined life. The spirited part of the soul is the source of desires within a person such as love, and honor, while the appetitive aspect of the soul is the source of basic cravings that act as an anchor to the material and menial word. Within the city exists different classes of individuals; the guardians, the auxiliaries and the working class, all of which represent a different aspect or nature of the soul. The guardians are considered to be the rational, and ought to be the rulers of the city as they will be the best suited to attain knowledge and live and act ethically because the guardians act on their own knowledge and wisdom through their inherent rationality, just as the rational part should rule of the soul should rule over the other three aspects. From this, Socrates says that justice is establishing the parts of the soul so that they dominate and are dominated by each other according to nature and allow for the person and for the soul to pursue wisdom. In conclusion, it is shown that the ethics of Socrates can be understood by examining the works of the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, and Republic. Socrates uses the Socratic method as a tool to catalyze self-examination of others so that may seek out knowledge. From this quest for knowledge, virtue is obtained, and this is the main goal of philosophy in Socrates mind. Laws must be made in accordance with wisdom by those who practice philosophy, and must seek to benefit the city as a whole. Breaking one law is an injustice to all laws, and is an act of ignorance. Ethics, virtue, justice and morality all stem from what Socrates calls the examined life, in which philosophy is used as a means to gain wisdom and knowledge which act as the basis for these values. Philosophy then, is not just an occupation, but rather an integral part of life, and a necessary component of what it means to be ethical.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chaunticleer :: Chaucer Canterbury Tales

Canterbury Tales - Chaunticleer In the book Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer, gives us a stunning tale about a rooster named Chaunticleer. Chaunticleer, who is the King of his domain in his farmland kingdom. Like a King, he quotes passages from intellectuals, dreams vivid dreams, has a libido that runs like a bat out of hell, and is described as a very elegant looking Rooster. He has every characteristic of a person belonging to the upper class. Chaucer's hidden meanings and ideas make us think that the story is about roosters and farm animals, but in reality he is making the Aristocracy of his time period the subject of his mockery by making the reader realize how clueless the Aristocracy can be to the way things are in the real World. Chaucer describes Chaunticleer in many different ways. One of them is his language. Chaunticleer's language is that of a scholar. He quotes many different scriptures in a conversation with Pertelote, such as, Saint Kenelm, Daniel and Joseph (from the bible), and Croesus. From eac h author he tells a story about an individual who had a vision in a dream and the dream came true. He may have been making all the stories up in order to win the argument with Pertelote, but, this seems unlikely because he does not take heed to his own advice and stay away from the fox that encounters him later. He is educated enough to know these supposed quotations but not intelligent enough to understand the real meaning of them. It is if he simply brings because they help him win the argument with his spouse and not because he actually believes what they say. Chaucer is using the idea that the Aristocracy has schooling throughout their childhood, but it is only done to have seemingly important but empty conversations. His physical appearance is also described with such beautiful passion that it makes us think Chaunticleer is heaven on earth. "His comb was redder than fine coral, and crenellated like a castle wall; his bill was black and shone like jet; his legs and toes were lik e azure; his nails whiter than lily; and his color like the burnished gold." Chaucer describes Chaunticleer as the quintessential Cock, so perfect that his description is no longer believable when we realize he is describing a Rooster. Chaucer is setting up Chaunticleer to be as regal and grandiose as a King.

Poverty and Homelessness Essay

Over the years , we as a society have become insensitive to the major issues faced by the mankind and homelessness is one of those major issues. Millions of people, including children, families , babies ,veterans and elderly live day after day without food, water or a roof over their heads. People who are mentally ill also have it tough on the streets, which can be extremely confusing to them and dangerous to the rest of society. As the con side of this argument, it can be understood as a problem that must be solved soon and therefore should be addressed as major crises affecting the society. At the same time, I argue that it is not as big problem as it is made out to be. There are various reasons for why people are homeless and some of those reasons ,along with their effects as well as solutions are mentioned in this essay. The majority of homeless people are adult men. Many of these men choose to be homeless because that is the free lifestyle they want to live. Same is the case with many women and children. Homelessness life is not always as bad as it seems. Homelessness people have all the time in the world, they are free to do whatever they like without any restrictions. They can read books, take walks, go for hang outs and enjoy nature. There are the drawbacks of diminished health, alcohol and drugs and looks of disdain from other people, but any homeless people just live in their own world and enjoy it. According to my thought, homeless should just be allowed to live their lives. Second reason that can be considered as important for homelessness is that there are those people who do not make the choice of becoming homeless, but are forced of becoming homeless because of economic issues. For example, as the population is increasing at a very fast pace , it is getting difficult for everyone to find a job and as a result, unemployment prevails which directly leads to the issue of becoming homeless. There are the people that we need to help out financially. Thirdly, there are some people who make the choice of being homeless because they simply do not want to support themselves, these are the people that need to receive professional medical help. Our society can be seen as adversely affected by the problem of homelessness. Having no home can make it extremely hard for adults to get or keep work, being one of the causes of poverty which in addition to helping to maintain homelessness also helps turn households trying to be useful rospering citizens into victimized anti-social problem households breeding further poverty, drug addiction, alcoholism and crime. Homeless young people are much more likely to be not in education. In other words, the homeless people can not get access to a better education because they do not have the resources to fulfill their basic needs. Poor qualification, in turn, act as a barrier in finding job, as a result, future of the homeless people is spoiled. Poverty and desperation means some homeless people turn t o crime. This further decreases the chances of them finding work and escaping their situation. Homeless young people are more likely to be the victims of crime. Their situation puts them at risk of exploitation, particularly if they become homeless at a very young age. Homelessness has a huge effect on an individual’s both physical and emotional health. Homeless men and women suffer from cold that they can not get rid of because they have no access to medicine, food and warm housing. They also are more at risk for dependency on drugs and alcohol and contracting HIV. They suffer from vitamin deficiencies and often don’t get adequate sleep. Homeless people have no housing to protect themselves from physical violence and even rape. These can lead to emotional breakdowns that lead them to become institutionalized. In sum, homelessness is not a big issue for those who desires to be homeless, for instance , people who do not want to have social contacts with others , but , for the persons who are forced to become homeless ,it is a huge problem and needs to be solved. There seems to be two main elements in saving a homeless person. The government needs to help homeless people get back on their feet. They need to make sure also that homeless people do not abuse systems such as social security and housing. Also, homeless need to get up on their own two feet, for themselves. Finding jobs, such as selling â€Å"Homeless Newspapers† seems to be a common first step. To illustrate, a vendor gets the papers for free or low cost, sells them for something like a dollar and keeps 55 cents, or a little more than a half, for each sold. The homeless can then use this money to pay for food, shelter and other basic necessities. Many shelters exist whose primary goal is to provide homeless with a job and home. We help these people everyday without knowing as a proportion of our taxes go back to the community in many forms and one form is helping out the homeless. One can also help the homeless by volunteering at shelters. So if the government is willing to help get the homeless roused into the wanting of a better life, and they wish to follow through, then I suppose we could find a better, faster way to end the nation’s problem of homelessness.

Nostalgia in the 1950s essays

Nostalgia in the 1950s essays The decade of the 1950s represents an era that is already gone for many Americans where life was balanced, simple, and innocent. A time in American history where a high school education promised a comfortable living and where family values were presented to audiences through television shows like Father knows Best an Ozzie and Harriet. But according to Stephanie Coontz, author of What We Really Miss About the 1950s, the simplicity and innocence that the people who lived in this time period enjoyed came at a high price. Coontz states that many of those who felt that the 1950s was the best time for children to grow up would show their dislike to the treatment of women. They also would add that they wouldnt particularly enjoy living with the most of the fathers they knew in their neighborhoods. She also points out the economic and social reasons why the 1950s is so appealing to many people. The low divorce rates, federal economic expansion programs, corporate tax programs, and the high number of children living with both parents. Even though there are many positive factors which in fact makes the 1950s one of the best eras in American history, Stephanie Coontz in the essay What We Really Miss About the 1950s argues about racial and sexual discrimination, repression and abuse that depict that America is better off today. Americans continue to appreciate the 1950s not only for the optimism people had about their familys future, but for the success of the periods economy. During the 1950s, there was active government assistance to families. For example, according to Coontz research, government backed home mortgages, financed many of the new family homes, and the minimum wage was set high enough to support a family of three above the poverty level. Also, corporations and the wealthy were taxed at high rates to support high levels of spending ...

Example of Graduate School Admission Essay †Personal Description Paper

Example of Graduate School Admission Essay – Personal Description Paper Free Online Research Papers Example of Graduate School Admission Essay Personal Description Paper Prompt: Give a candid description of yourself, stressing the personal characteristic you feel to be your strengths and weaknesses and the main factors which have influenced your personal development, giving examples if necessary. (400 words app.) The second of three children, I was born in Brazil and lived most of my teenage years in Rio de Janeiro, a very lively and international city. Son of a French entrepreneur, I had the opportunity to be involved in many different aspects of my fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business from a young age. Of an athletic nature, sports have always been an important part in my life. At age 17, I moved to the United States in order to pursue a tennis career and to finish high school. Upon my high school graduation, I accepted a scholarship to play tennis at the University of South Florida, an institution with both a reputable academic and athletic programs. During my college years, I was able to improve my leadership and interpersonal skills since I was part of not only the tennis team, but also of many other multi-cultural teams for class assignments. My dynamic nature in business as well as discipline and self-motivation stems from my years on the tennis tournament circuit in Brazil and the United States. I received a degree with honors in business administration and accepted a position with an international company with which I did an internship during the last year of my studies. With a background in international business, I had the chance to work with various multinational companies, working together with such large corporations as Sony on many projects. Recently, I have started my own consulting company in the United States with an American and European client base. Over the years, I have had to adapt to changes in a fast-paced environment, learn quickly, and proactively take initiative. My ability to speak English, French, Portuguese and Spanish, as well as to understand, appreciate, and adapt to different cultures has been refined from extensive travel throughout Europe, North America and South America. I believe some of my strengths when used in the wrong situations become weaknesses. For example, I am a direct and honest person with a passion for perfection. However, there are situations where having more subtlety and knowing when something is good enough would be of beneficial to me. Therefore, I am constantly working on recognizing each situation in order to use my qualities to my advantage. Fortunately, throughout my entire life I have been surrounded by people who guided me, supported me, and taught me valuable lessons. I am continuously learning and growing from every experience I have and from every person who I come across, so each one plays a role on my personal development. Research Papers on Example of Graduate School Admission Essay - Personal Description PaperPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaHip-Hop is ArtTrailblazing by Eric AndersonNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export Quotas

Prisoner's Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prisoner's Rights - Essay Example (Cruel and Unusual Punishments). By taking away the rights of such activities from the inmates would be going against the law imposed under the First Amendment. When we consider the First Amendment, it clearly and legally provides the rights of freedom of speech to the citizens. Therefore, being a prisoner also comes under the category of State’s citizen. Being the part of the State, prisoners do hold the right of freedom of speech, to openly claim for their rights, because free and legal rights of humans cannot be abandoned. But, on the other hand, it is also correct that Court impose such restrictions on the prisoners to maintain the terms of security. So, taking away their rights comes under legitimate punishment too. Therefore, today Court is making sure to include such restrictions on inmates, which are considered correct by looking in all the aspects. The Civil Rights Act of 1871 also states that the prisoners are free to question their prison life on the basis of constitutionality. This act came into being to protect the rights of every individual on the basis of official legitimation. This act makes sure that the rights of the people are protected equally. Leburd’s suit does hold a complete legal effect under the dilemma of today’s prison life. Prisoners hold equal right to challenge the Court, if their rights are being prohibited to them. (Prisoners Rights ). Supreme Court expanded the individual’s rights in relation to the state as a whole. That is why Federal Courts role have become essential in protecting the rights of those people who are not powerful, for an example; politicians. Here comes the prisoner, who comes under such category of people who are poor, helpless and needs protection of the courts to safe them. This expansion of law by the Supreme Court has protected the freedom of speech, violence , bill of rights, civil rights and prison conditions and practices in the federal court. Due

The Usage of Made In for the Segmented Products Essay

The Usage of Made In for the Segmented Products - Essay Example The command of the market has been linked to the efficiency of the product and the considered aspect of the economy. Such allows for the consideration of advanced technology and improvement in the economics of the cost towards the address of the rivals under practice. The superiority among the rivals allows for the conceptualization of the eventual ability they extend in the considered domination, as well as in the out-positioning of inferior products. The stationing of different arms of production under geographical distinctions allows for the reflection of the challenge they stand to offer with respect to the perspective concept of state recognition. Apparently, goods desire to be recognized alongside the state of origin. However, the inclusion of different states or countries in the process of production only assists in the complication of the entire acknowledgment process. Such allows for the reflection of the immediate challenges that may be related to the shipping of products with a source complication (Scheve, 2002). Various approaches have been considered to be associated with the eventual process of development and allocation of the â€Å"made in† tag. Allowing a state to consider a product to be manufactured in its territory allows for the improvement in its global perception of technology. However, the producing authority may not have had a comprehensive manner upon which the process of filing of the respective descriptions of rights and protocols are advised. Instead, there exists a line of acknowledgment with respect to the role plaid by the involved country (Tanzi, 2002)

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Several Definitions of Feminism Essay

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Several Definitions of Feminism - Essay Example Besides, feminism concept is also referred to equal opportunities for women in a society in terms of education, property, and employment among others2. In this regard, Cott (1986) signified that the feminist movements have assisted in providing equal rights as well as justice, within modern society and determining differences in terms of expediency. In this context, feminist movements have aided in building a different cultural order based on certain logic and tradition3. Highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of several definitions of feminism as described by the authors, feminism concepts can be recognized to have assisted women to understand their rights in a society better. On the contrary, several definitions of feminism initiated more negative arguments among the male members regarding women rights in a society, which can be considered as a weakness of the feminist movements. In this context, it can be identified that feminist movements have initiated a privilege for the women to maintain gender equality with male members in the modern civilization. Apart from this, feminist ideologies implied that the dominancy of the female members in a society should have gender equality, whereby feminist theories have assisted female members to attain the desired societal and professional identity4. Similarly, the feminist concept has introduced several legal bindings in the society in order to ensure the women’s rights in terms of property, voting and marriage among others. Moreover, feminist ideologies have offered reproductive rights to the women including the right of abortion and contraceptive., Simultaneously, feminist ideologies have ensured protection towards women concerning matters of violence and sexual harassment, benefitting female members of the society quite impressively.  

Sacramento State Essay Example for Free

Sacramento State Essay For the college fair, my group received Cal State Sacramento. In my group I was student number one. Student number one was to work on what location, size, and environment. I learned that Sacramento State is approximately 7 hours and 32 minutes away from Perris and is almost 453 miles. While working on my category I found out that Sacramento State is located in the capital of California which is Sacramento. Sacramento State has about 24,136 undergraduate students attending. The total of women that attend are 13,825 and they make up 57% of the campus. The overall number of men that attend is around 10,311 making up 43% of the campus. The ethnic breakdown consists of about 43% American, 20% Asian/Pacific, 16% Latino, 7% African American 2% Foreign, 1% American Indian, and 11% make up others. They have a 300-acre campus and a landscaping of 3,000 tress. There are so many interesting facts that I learned about Sacramento State. There are some really nice near by attractions. For example the waterpark Raging Waters as well as the Sacramento Zoo are two near by attractions. Their mascots name is Herky the Hornet and is 60 years old, and there school colors are Green and gold. Some other interesting facts are that the school was founded in 1947. Some of the majors are criminal justice, social sciences, economics, environmental studies, nursing, as well as engineering. The tuition for the people living in California is about $6,573 and out of state is approximately $17,733. In conclusion Sacramento State might have some bad things about but for the most part it’s a pretty good school.

Essay --

â€Å"You cannot hinder someone’s free will, that’s the first law of the Universe, no matter what the decision.† ― E.A. Bucchianeri One of the most controversial debates in the United States is abortion. It remains a highly politicized issue based on morality, gender roles, political ideology, personal responsi ¬bility and human rights. Even with increased state restrictions and the anti-choice movement’s efforts to limit abortion, half of unin ¬tended pregnancies in the United States still end in abortion (Mohr, 1979). When discussing abortion it is easy to get lost in your own views whether they are pro-choice or pro-life but ultimately one must remain mindful that though highly debatable; abortion is legal within the United States and it is the women’s choice what they decide to do with their bodies. This quote directly relates to the current Abortion Op-out policy revolving around abortion. The current debate of abortion surrounds around the most recent Affordable Car Act (healthcare reform law) which began under the Obama Administration. The law allows states (through legislation) to prohibit abortion coverage in qualified health plans offered through an exchange. If insurance coverage for abortion is included in a plan in the exchange, a separate premium is required for this coverage paid for by the policyholder. (Bailey, 2011) To this date close to 30 states have passed the Abortion Opt-Out Law and have already began enforcing it or plan to begin in 2014. In Michigan this law was initially vetoed by Governor Synder but later petitioned and will most likely be added to the ballot in November 2014. The enactment of this law has effects on the economy in many different ways. It has the ability to hinder a woman’s decisions when ... ...bortion laws and restrictions pro-choice are fighting to destroy those laws and restriction. It is a constant ongoing political battle for pro-choice and pro-life supporters as there will always be conflict regarding the issue. Conclusion All in all, it takes a lot of effort to evoke social change and make social policies. It takes the support of social movement organizations, political legislators, and community activist. Together they all look at the effects the policy would have on the economy and the individuals. When it comes to Abortion Opt-Out it has been founded that many American’s are in support of the law and while they do support abortion they do not wish public funds to pay for it. Though the restrictive laws are tedious and cumbersome the outcomes of the children who are born into families that want them ultimately have positive outcomes later in life.

lifes little traffic lights :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life’s Little Traffic Lights I love it, life is so crazy. I’ve always said if it isn’t going to bother me in three to five years, then I’m not going to worry about it now, then I come across what I like to refer to as a â€Å"traffic light† you know, those little situations and encounters that make you stop and reminisce about a time and place that you left behind so long ago, deep in the folds of your memory, and the sudden slap of reality that makes you stop and look around and think what’s different?, what’s changed?, and what path has brought me here? You see a â€Å"traffic light is like a memory, better than a picture, it’s a feeling you get deep inside. A sudden sense of knowing exactly who you are and why, often times all in the depths of a single moment. Still confused? Here’s an example†¦ It’s a fairly brisk day in January of 2002, brisk enough to turn my flesh slightly purple in spots where I’m scarred or bruised, I walk into the dry cleaners after a short work day, to pick up the pants that have been sitting there for about three weeks (I seem to have the memory of a gold fish and the attention span of a fruit fly). Of course I’m in a big damn hurry even though I have no where in particular to be and nothing in my near future has been marked urgent (it’s just the sense of urgency that makes whatever it is that I’m doing seem so much more important than what it really is) I encounter a motherly looking middle-aged Native American woman, who in just a smile seems kind and warm enough to pull me from myself and set me back into the reality of my objective. She doesn’t know it but she’s about to take me for my last $15, but damn I really want to wear those pants tonight. She looks up as she hands me my receipt and very po litely asks me with a wonderful note of concern in her voice â€Å" your nose it looks bruised, did something happen to it?, having heard this question what seems like a thousand times during the winter months, I give her my standard answer, â€Å" oh, yes I broke it a couple of years ago, and the mark always shows when its cold outside† â€Å"won’t it ever go away?

Increasing Physical Activity In Adults Health And Social Care Essay

Physical therapy is a profession that provides the best possible attention to all people irrespective of socioeconomic position ( SES ) . Volunteering at St. Clare ‘s Mission in La Crosse, Wisconsin ( a physical therapy resource for those unable to afford traditional wellness attention services ) has given us a first-hand glance of the demand for health care services for people of low SES. The attention provided at this clinic was the best possible with the resources available, nevertheless the volume of attention was non equal to manage the high demand for services. After speaking with old pupils who have initiated an exercising plan at the local Salvation Army in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and join forcesing with module who have helped ease plans for people of low SES, it is apparent that a high demand exists for supplying instruction and physical attention for this population. The intent of our public wellness enterprise is to set up a primary and secondary bar plan which improve s overall wellness by increasing physical activity in persons of lower SES in the La Crosse country.Role of the Physical TherapistPrimary and Secondary PreventionThe Guide to Physical Therapist Practice provinces that physical therapy attention consists of primary, secondary, and third care.1 Our wellness enterprise will concentrate on primary and secondary attention. Primary bar is defined as the bar of a disease in populations that are at hazard for the pathological development.1 The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice recommends enterprises, wellness publicity, and instruction as a few ways in which this can be completed.1 Health showings, biomechanical appraisals, and educational workshops are merely a few ways that physical healers can educate the populace on the factors of disease hazard, and what they can make to assist forestall disease. As physical therapy pupils, we plan on prosecuting in primary bar by utilizing our cognition of physical activity, exercising prescription, biomechanics, and physiology to educate and teach at hazard grownups so they can diminish their opportunities of developing a pathology. Secondary bar is defined as helping those who suffer from a pathology by cut downing the continuance and badness of their symptoms and assisting to forestall any farther complications.1 While these populations will non be specifically recruited, it is likely that we will be working with participants at the Salvation Army who have preexistent conditions. The Salvation Army provides services for people enduring from diseases related to physical inaction such as type II diabetes, coronary arteria disease, chest malignant neoplastic disease and obesity.2 We plan on increasing physical activity in these persons to assist cut down the badness of these diseases. Secondary bar can besides be enforced for individuals who have conditions such as pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension, as they would besides profit from an aerophilic fittingness plan. Through exerting and educating the participants in our plan, we will turn to these populations and aid to forestall new disease development, and dimini sh the badness of bing diseases utilizing a bi-weekly exercising plan. We will besides pattern secondary bar by placing wellness issues through our showing tools, and mentioning them to the proper topographic point such as St. Clare ‘s Health Mission.SubjectBrief Overview of the ProblemPhysical inaction is an increasing tendency in the United States. It has been associated with a reduced quality of life every bit good as an increased prevalence of several diseases.3 These diseases can potentially be avoided with increased aerophilic exercising and the turning away of other hazard factors. Behavioral hazard factors such as physical inaction, hapless diet, smoke, and inordinate imbibing are the prima causes of decease in the United States.4 It is our hope as physical therapy pupils that by aiming physical inaction, one constituent of these behavioural hazard factors that is within our range of pattern, we can get down to cut down the negative impact it is holding on the general population.How the authorities is supervisingSeveral studies are utilized at a national degree to roll up informations related to physical activity. The Center for Disease Control has been instrumental in roll uping this information through the usage of the National Health Interview Survey, Health Related Quality of Life Survey, and Chronic Disease Indicator Survey among others. The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion is another advocate for the aggregation of informations sing wellness hazard behaviours and preventive attention patterns. It consists of nine divisions working towards bettering wellness by forestalling chronic diseases and their hazard factors.5 These studies produce comparative statistics of assorted wellness hazard factors such as BMI, yearss of physical activity per hebdomad, SES, geographical location, and age groups. The corporate findings from these surveies suggest that a big proportion of the American populace does non accompli sh sufficient physical activity for wellness benefits. Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 is the province wellness plan which requires the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to build a public wellness docket for the province every 10 years.6 One of the focal points of this program is to supervise and describe advancement in accomplishing the ends and aims as outlined by the execution program of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020. Telephone administered and mailed studies are the primary manners of rating. For illustration, these studies were used to place people who have a BMI of & gt ; 30 among two groups ( age 15-18, 19 and or older ) . These groups were so followed between the old ages of 2000 and 2007 to find physical activity levels.4 Information on physical activity was collected from the undermentioned beginnings: Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.PT ‘s Role in Increasing Physical ActivityThe G uide to Physical Therapy Practice provinces that physical healers are qualified to help and learn a community inaugural plan turn toing increasing aerophilic physical activity in the grownup population.1 Exercise prescription and direction falls within the range of pattern for physical healers ; It is our duty to advance physical activity in appropriate populations given the copiousness of grounds for its support.1 By implementing a community plan that targets sedentary grownups of low SES, we are supplying primary and secondary bar for hazards such as diabetes, bosom disease, and high blood force per unit area.Background and RationaleHappening of Physical InactivityThe rate of inaction in America is dismaying with 52 % of the population non even sing 30 proceedingss of moderate physical activity a day.7 Furthermore, 23.9 % of Americans reported that they had non engaged in physical activity during the last month.8 Physical inaction tends to be more prevailing in the southern United States ; nevertheless degrees of physical inaction are unsatisfactory in northern United States every bit good. In Wisconsin entirely, 22.7 % of occupants considers themselves to be in hapless or just wellness, with 17.4 % of WI occupants describing limited activity due in portion to physical problems.4 Upwards of 24 % of the province did non take part in leisure-time physical activity of any sort during the twelvemonth 2010.8 At a local degree, 19.3 % of La Crosse county occupants were reported as being physically inactive, comparing to 16,110 occupants as of 2008.9 This suggests that greater than 80 % of La Crosse county occupants reported themselves as physically active, nevertheless, this does non intend that they are run intoing the ACSM guidelines for moderate activity degree that are recommended for disease hazard reduction.3 It is clear that physical inaction is an increasing tendency, and although people may see themselves as active, they may non be run intoing sufficient activity degrees to diminish disease hazard.MortalityPatel et Al. found that females who spent longer than six hours sitting per twenty-four hours had a comparative hazard for all-cause mortality of 1.37 ( 1 decease per 74 person-years ) , whereas males in the same class had a comparative hazard ( RR ) of 1.18 ( 1 decease per 45 person-years ) . Females and males who spent between nothing and three hours per twenty-four hours sitting each had a RR for all-cause mortality of 1.00 ( Females: 1 decease per 150 person-years ; Males: 1 decease per 74 person-years ) . This same survey assessed physical activity degree in MET-hours/week and its influence on all-cause mortality rate. Females and males who performed less than 17.5 MET-hours/week of exercising each had a RR for all-cause mortality of 1.00 ( Females: 1 decease per 93 person-years ; Males: 1 decease per 53 person-years ) . Females who performed 31.5-42 MET-hours/week of exercising had a RR of.78 ( 1 decease per 123 person-years ) , while males in this class had a RR of.88 ( 1 decease per 58 individual old ages ) .10 The findings of this article imply that longer clip spent sitting each twenty-four hours resulted in a higher happening of mortality for both males and females. Furthermore, higher degrees of physical activity per hebdomad were associated with a lower mortality rate for both genders.ImpactConsequences of Physical InactivityPhysical inaction has been linked to a figure of pathologies such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus type 2, osteoporosis11, cardiovascular/respiratory diseases12, and bosom attacks.3 In add-on, low degrees of physical activity were correlated with negative physiological effects such as increased organic structure weight, organic structure mass index ( BMI ) , waist-to-hip ratio, cholesterin degrees in work forces, and a lessening in insulin levels.13 The happening of these effects is lower in more active populations, hence physical activity is prescribed as a prevent ive step for diminishing mortality, morbidity, and the hazard of disease acquisition.3,12 For this ground, activity degree criterions were developed by the American College of Sports Medicine ( ACSM ) which aim to steer physical activity programs.3 At the national degree wellness and health has been pushed to the head due to healthcare reform, and it is frequently hindered by a deficiency of physical activity and hapless diet. The increasing prevalence of fleshiness in the United States has been linked in portion to these same factors. In 2010, 35.7 % of American citizens were considered obese.14 Fortunately, important lessenings in organic structure fat have occurred through diet and moderate exercising in comparing to other weight loss techniques.12 The province of WI has done ill in this respect, with 22.9 % of occupants prosecuting in no leisure clip physical activity.6 Furthermore, persons who reported small to no aerophilic exercising or greater clip between everyday medical screen had increased likeliness of holding 14 or more unhealthy yearss per year.15 It is reported that these persons rate themselves as holding hapless wellness compared to those who exercised and had regular wellness screenings.15 These statistics ov erpoweringly support the demand to convert those with a sedentary life styles to increase their physical activity degrees to better their wellness and prevent negative effects.Hazard Factors and Determinants for Physical InactivityNon-modifiable Hazard FactorsThere are several determiners and hazard factors that are associated with physical activity in grownups. Non-modifiable hazard factors include gender, age, ethnicity, and instruction degree. Gender and age are the two most consistent demographic ( non-modifiable ) correlatives of physical activity behaviour in adults.16 In footings of gender, work forces ( 52.1 % ) are more likely than adult females ( 42.6 % ) to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerophilic activity.4 This may be due to traditional gender functions where adult females have less free clip to exert due to their caretaking function within the household. Younger grownups are more likely to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for aerophili c activity than older grownups. This disagreement may be due to the younger grownup population holding fewer co-morbidities. Harmonizing to the Center for Disease Control, more non-Hispanic white grownups ( 22.8 % ) meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for aerophilic and muscle-strengthening activity than non-Hispanic black grownups ( 17.3 % ) and Latino grownups ( 14.4 % ) .8 Although there are multiple grounds for this, one may be due to differences in degree of income between the ethnicities which determine physical activity chances every bit good as the sum of available leisure clip for exercising. Finally, grownups with more instruction are more likely to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerophilic activity than grownups with less education.3Modifiable Hazard FactorsThe list of modifiable hazard factors associated with physical activity in grownups is much more extended than non-modifiable hazard factors. These hazard factors, which negatively influence p hysical activity in grownups, include low SES, hapless self-efficacy, low degrees of instruction, being overweight, and decreased societal support.2 Socioeconomic position and perceived self-efficacy demonstrated the strongest and most consistent associations with physical activity behavior.2,17,18,19 A deficiency of fiscal stableness has been linked to reduced physical activity, every bit good as more unhealthy weight control.20 The Center for Disease Control suggests that grownups whose household income is above the poorness degree are more likely to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerophilic activity than grownups whose household income is at or near the poorness level.8 It has besides been determined that adult females of lower SES perform significantly lower ( p & lt ; .0001 ) sums of physical activity per hebdomad than those of higher SES. Interestingly, work forces of both lower and higher SES take part in the same sum of physical activity per hebdomad, nevertheless those of higher SES performed significantly more leisure clip physical activity.17 Self-efficacy for physical activity is described as a individual ‘s assurance in his or her ability to be physically active. Oman and King looked at the influence of self-efficacy perceptual experiences in a cohort of healthy sedentary work forces and adult females between the ages of 50 and 64, and found that among those take parting in a supervised home-based activity plan, baseline self-efficacy perceptual experiences significantly predicted exercising attachment after a two twelvemonth follow-up.18 In a meta-analysis conducted by Haggar et al. , it was concluded that the attitudes about behaviour and self-efficacy were finding factors of whether or non an person will take part in physical activity ; lower self-efficacy is the biggest forecaster in non take parting in physical activity.19 In footings of instruction, grownups with high school school instruction were about i ¬?ve times less likely to take part in physical activity as those with a college instruction. Among individuals older than 44 old ages, the lowest educated group was about 2.5 times more likely to be sedentary than individuals who had i ¬?nished higher vocational schooling or university.21 Obesity is another modifiable hazard factor that has been systematically correlated with a deficiency of physical activity.10 A deficiency of activity or a sedentary life style has been shown to be one of the cardinal subscribers to the development of fleshiness when all other confounding factors are controlled. Patel et Al. found that those passing more clip sitting had an increased hazard for the development of fleshiness every bit good as an increased hazard of mortality.10 Low societal support has systematically emerged as an of import negative correlative with physical activity. Leslie et Al found that people describing low degrees of societal support from household or friends were 23-55 % more likely to be less active than were those with high degrees of support.23 The U.S. Women ‘s Determinants Study found that adult females with high degrees of societal support for physical activity were about twice every bit likely to be active at least 30 proceedingss on five or more yearss a hebdomad than adult females with low degrees of societal support.24 Booth et Al. found that holding friends who participated on a regular basis in physical activity and holding a safe topographic point to exert were significantly associated with regular physical activity.25 King et Al. found that often detecting others exercising was positively associated with physical activity participation.26 By implementing schemes which target the modifiable hazard factors listed a bove, which will assist better physical activity degrees in these persons.InterventionsLiterature ReviewA thorough reappraisal of the literature was done to find the most effectual intercession schemes for increasing physical activity, and cut downing wellness related hazard factors among grownups of low SES. The hunt yielded a figure of relevant articles for intercessions to increase physical activity including the usage of laic person-led aerophilic exercising plans, the usage of feedback to arouse alterations in behaviour, increasing the participants ‘ self-efficacy, usage of function theoretical accounts, patient instruction and barrier elimination.27,28 Lamb et Al. found that volunteer-led walking groups resulted in a higher proportion of participants than a group that received exercise advice.29 A survey mensurating alterations in self-reported exercising behaviour found that the group having exercising advice and direction had a higher figure of topics describing 150 pr oceedingss of activity than a walking group and advice merely group.30 Hagger et Al. found that people ‘s attitudes, perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy are cardinal influences in organizing purposes to take part in physical activity.19 See Appendix Literature Review Matrix In order to use these schemes we will be taking a multi-faceted attack which aims to integrate each method throughout the plan. Our plan will be an instructor-led exercising plan with an accent on educating the patients on exercising, and learning them an easy-to-learn plan that they can execute on their ain to heighten self-efficacy. By using the Salvation Army of La Crosse, we will extinguish a important barrier for people of low SES by supplying a free exercising installation.Application of Learning TheorySocial Cognitive Theory and Self-EfficacyThe Social Cognitive Theory is a behavioural alteration theory which focuses on self-efficacy, or the belief in oneself to execute a undertaking. This theory serves as the model about which we are structuring our plan ( See Appendix Application of Theory to Practice ) . The Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes self-efficacy every bit good as the personal and environmental barriers that limit alteration. Its foundation is centered around the thought that persons must hold assurance that they can successfully execute a undertaking in order for behavior alteration to occur.28 In add-on to self-efficacy, the person must value the alteration that is being made before they invest themselves to the full in the task.28 Incentivizing the undertaking is one method that can be used to top out the topics involvement in finishing the task.28 Improved self-efficacy has been shown to decrease the perceptual experience of one ‘s disease badness or disability.31 Therefore, if self-efficacy can be improved, the perceptual experience of one ‘s disablement may besides be improved. Improved self-efficacy has besides been linked to successful behaviour alteration, and multiple schemes to heighten self-efficacy can be found in the literature. One scheme for bettering self-efficacy is public presentation attainment, which is the act of accomplishing proficiency with a undertaking through engagement and experience with the undertaking. Application of this scheme suggests that failures should be viewed as larning experiences.32 Vicarious experience is another agency of bettering self-efficacy which entails detecting another person who is exhibiting the coveted behaviour that the topic is working towards.32 This provides the scholar with assurance that the coveted alteration can happen, while besides supplying a safe envir onment in which to larn. Verbal persuasion is a scheme that focuses on a trusty single educating the topic in order to increase their apprehension of the behaviour that they exhibit.32Trusting the beginning of information, with regard to skill and expertness, has a important influence on self-efficacy. Another method for heightening self-efficacy is the usage of physiological feedback.32 Raising the participants ‘ consciousness to both positive and negative effects associated with behavior alteration allows them to better prepare for engagement, and it has besides been shown to better self-efficacy.32 Enhancing self-efficacy has been shown to rush behavior alteration. We have the possible to arouse such alterations by implementing these schemes in our community health undertaking. We will turn to public presentation attainment by teaching the topics in each facet of our exercising plan, which will let them to derive assurance in those activities. We will utilize reverting exercising plan members every bit good as ourselves to supply participants with a theoretical account of proper exercising behaviour in order to implement the vicarious experience scheme. Patient instruction will function as verbal persuasion, and we will besides use educational booklets to convert the participants of the plan ‘s importance. Last, each of us will be resources to supply single feedback to participants and educate them on what they can anticipate throughout the plan so that they can mentally fix for behavioural alteration. The Social Cognitive Theory has been successfully applied to healthcare every bit good as exercising behavior.33 It can be straight applied to our plan to help the participants in altering their behaviour and to give us a model with which to steer that alteration. Project Justification & A ; AimsProblem StatementPhysical inaction is an increasing tendency in the United States which has been associated with a reduced quality of life every bit good as an increased prevalence of a figure of diseases.3 These diseases can potentially be avoided with increased aerophilic exercising and the turning away of other behavioural hazard factors. Behavioral hazard factors such as physical inaction, hapless diet, smoke, and inordinate imbibing are the prima causes of decease in the United States.4 It is our hope that by aiming physical inaction, we can cut down the negative impact it is holding on the general population.Specific Community NeedsPhysical inaction degrees are alarmingly high at both the province and local degrees. Upwards of 24 % of Wisconsin occupants did non take part in leisure-time physical activity of any sort during the twelvemonth 2010.8 Locally, 19.3 % of La Crosse county occupants were reported to be physically inactive, comparing to a sum of 16,110 occupants as of 2008.9Negative Consequences if Nothing is DoneIt is apparent that grownups of low SES have become a ignored population in our health care system. The federal authorities has proposed policies that strive to do health care accessible to the this population, nevertheless these policies would non take action until 2014 at the earliest, if ever.34 Based on our current health care it can merely be assumed that grownups of low SES will go on to be denied wellness attention based on their inability to pay for services. Unfortunately, this creates a form in which grownups with low SES have the poorest wellness position and yet have the least entree to healthcare.35 Due to the length of clip it takes for federal action to happen, community enterprises like ours may assist extenuate some wellness attention defects. On a local degree, low-cost and accessible wellness attention options need to be accessible on a primary, secondary, and third degree. Adults of low SES demand to be able to seek intervention for active pathologies, every bit good as have resources and instruction that will assist them avoid pathological conditions to better their quality of life. If wellness enterprises like ours are non established, the low SES will go on to be at hazard for physical inaction and the myriad of diseases associated with this. Introduction to Our Undertaking The intent of our plan is to supply an accessible primary and secondary bar wellness option to grownups of low SES who reside in the La Crosse country, with the primary end of increasing physical activity through wellness instruction and exercising direction. In conformity with Healthy People 2020, this plan ‘s intent is to increase the proportion of persons who engage in aerobic and beef uping exercisings in sufficient measure to accomplish wellness benefits by set uping a physical activity plan that was accessible to people of low SES of the La Crosse country. Another intent of this plan is to increase the figure of community-based organisations supplying population-based primary bar services for physical activity. These aims are outlined in Healthy People 2020 objectives PA-2.1, PA-2.3, and ECBP 10.9 ( See Appendix Healthy People 2020 ) . This plan will put a strong accent on self-efficacy, increasing the sum of physical activity participants engage in per hebdomad, and bettering outcome outlooks. To find the effectivity of our plan, three primary aims were established: foremost, to increase the self-efficacy of grownups of low SES, 2nd to increase volume of physical activity in grownups of low SES, and 3rd to increase expected results of take parting in physical activity. The secondary aim of our plan is to increase the likeliness of this population to go on to be physically active by developing a program for sustainability. This plan will turn to the Healthy People 2020 aims outlined by supplying a bi-weekly exercising plan with focal points on wellness instruction and direction on aerophilic and strengthening exercisings for people of low SES.Objective 1Our first aim is to increase self-efficacy in persons with low SES ; a population that has been identified as holding low self-efficacy.18 In this scene, self-effic acy is described as a individual ‘s assurance in his or her ability to successfully be physically active. Low self-efficacy has been identified as being a barrier for persons who desire behavior change.28 It has been reported that if participants do non believe that they can successfully carry through the alteration in behaviour, they will non try to change.28 Oman and King researched the influence of self-efficacy perceptual experiences in a cohort of healthy sedentary work forces and adult females between the ages of 50 and 64, and found that among those take parting in a supervised home-based activity plan, baseline self-efficacy perceptual experiences significantly predicted exercising attachment after a two twelvemonth follow-up.18 As physical therapy pupils, educating sedentary patients on non merely the benefits of exercising, but how to exert may take to increased degrees of self-efficacy and physical activity in our patients. In this plan, we will mensurate exercising related self-efficacy before and after engagement in an teacher led physical activity plan. Self-efficacy will be measured utilizing the Barriers to Self-Efficacy Scale. It was ab initio developed for outpatient exercising plans, and has demonstrated dependability ( alpha coefficient =0.93 ) and cogency ( efficacy outlooks significantly correlated with existent engagement in exercising plans ) for sedentary adults.36 It will let us to obtain self-efficacy informations at baseline and upon completion of the exercising plan to find the effectivity of our schemes.Objective 2The 2nd aim of our plan is to increase the volume of physical activity of the participants through a group based physical activity plan. The ACSM criterions for the sum of activity grownups need to take part in to see improved cardiovascular and aerophilic wellness is 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours of moderate activity on 5 or more yearss a week.2,3 By supplying a free exercising plan two times a hebdomad, participants will hold an chance to increase their volume of physical activity. They will besides larn successful schemes to exert independently outside of our plan to let them to carry through the ACSM criterions. To help in increasing conformity to our bi-weekly plan, a societal support constituent will be addressed by holding a group exercising category consisting of frequenters of the Salvation Army. This will let the participants to exert with familiar people which may ease engagement. Social support has systematically emerged as an of import positive correlative with physical activity. Leslie et Al. determined that people describing low degrees of societal support from household or friends were 23-55 % more likely to be less active than were those with high degrees of support.23 Social support and instruction may non be sufficient to accomplish the coveted sum of physical activity in the transeunt population at the Salvation Army, so a 3rd scheme will be employed to better plan attending: Provide incentives for plan engagement such as a free jersey awarded to those who engage in 50 % , or 10 of the Sessionss. It has been found that supplying inducements to exert increased exercising plan attending in the short term and led to greater care of that activity over a period of two years.22 The combination of instruction, societal support and inducements will increase attachment to the plan, and therefore, increase the sum of participant ‘s physical activity per hebdomad. The sum of increased activity per hebdomad by participants will be measured at baseline and at completion of the plan utilizing the Physical Activity Scale ( PAS 2 ) . This scale measures the participants day-to-day physical activity while at work, and during leisure clip and has been shown to be valid in an grownup population.37 To find cogency, the PAS 2 was compared to the PAS 1 and a strong positive correlativity ( r= .95, P & lt ; 0.0001 ) was found between PAS 1 and PAS 2 scores.37 The PAS 2 has been found to be more valid than the PAS 1, which may hold overestimated physical activity. For this ground, the PAS 2 will be used to measure alteration in exercising volume and wonts over the class of the plan.Objective 3Our 3rd aim is to increase expected physical activity results in our mark population. Physical result outlooks reflect beliefs about pleasant and aversive physical experiences ensuing from battle in physical activity.38 The Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Ex ercise Scale ( MOEES ) is a patient completed questionnaire measuring physical activity, self-efficacy, and wellness position. Wojcicki et Al found that being more active was significantly correlated with stronger physical result outlook tonss on the MOEES in both middle-aged and older grownups. The graduated table ‘s dependability and cogency allows us to better understand and predict physical activity behaviour in adults.38 Wojcicki et Al. found that increased activity was significantly correlated with stronger physical ( r = .21, P & lt ; .001 ) and self-evaluative ( r = .20, P & lt ; .001 ) but non societal result outlooks ( R = .02, P = N ) . Higher self-efficacy was besides found to be significantly associated with physical ( r = .22, P & lt ; .001 ) , self-evaluative ( r = .26, P & lt ; .001 ) , and societal result outlooks ( R = .17, P & lt ; .001 ) .38Secondary AimThe secondary aim for this plan is to develop a program that is sustainable and can be implemented by per sons with lesser sums of preparation than a physical therapy pupil. Previous exercising plan supervisors of the Salvation Army have suggested that an exercising plan manual be created to supply a construction for future plans to heighten sustainability. We created an exercising manual with exposures, exercising forms, and stretches from our plan. A manual of this kind will be a sufficient resource for a replacement to understand and administrate. See Appendix Workout Manual To assist mensurate the sustainability of our exercising plan, we will roll up informations utilizing a likert graduated table to measure participant satisfaction and likeliness of engagement in the hereafter. In add-on, we will give a study to find what the participants liked or disliked about the plan. Undertaking ExecutionCommunity PartnerWe plan to work with the Salvation Army of La Crosse, Wisconsin to supply an exercising plan for persons of low SES. The Salvation Army provides repasts, shelter, occupation chances, and several other services for those in demand. Partnering with the Salvation Army will let us to utilize an accessible installation with a secondary school for our exercising category. It will besides assist us derive entree to the persons of low socioeconomic position who utilize the Salvation Army. See Appendix Salvation Army of La Crosse Contact InformationTarget GroupOur mark group will dwell of grownup occupants and frequenters of the Salvation Army every bit good as any other community members who wish to take part in our plan. We will enroll participants by traveling to the Salvation Army in January 2013 to speak to the frequenters about our exercising plan to get down edifice involvement. Once we begin our plan we will eat repasts with the persons at the Sal vation Army to acquire to cognize them and to get down constructing resonance to ease enlisting. We besides have arranged to work together with a Viterbo Nursing Program enterprise at the Salvation Army to help in advancing our plan. Finally, we will go to the Salvation Army ‘s compulsory hebdomadal occupation in-service meeting for its frequenters to educate and enroll participants for the plan. If these methods are unsuccessful, we will advance our exercising plan through the usage of circulars at pro bono clinics in the country, such as St. Clare ‘s Health Mission, in order to enroll persons of low SES for our exercising plan. See Appendix Health and Wellness BrochureIncentivesWe plan to utilize free jerseies as an inducement to take part for our plan. Incentive-based wellness publicities plans have been shown to increase fitness-related activities over time.22 Participants in our plan who attend 50 % or more of our categories over the 10-week continuance of our plan will have a free jersey. The cost of 25 jerseies is about $ 250. We will seek any possible contributions or price reductions on the jerseies by informing the provider of our intended usage for the shirts. We will besides be inquiring for contributions on day-to-day usage points ( shampoo, deodourant, socks, etc. ) from local concerns such as Wal-mart and K-mart to utilize as inducements throughout our plan.Activity PlanWe plan to get at the Salvation Army on Monday February 4, 2013 at 4:30 p.m. to get down speaking with the frequenters about our plan. We will eat dinner from 4:30 p.m. to 5:10 p.m. and recruit participants for our plan through conversation. We will clean up the multi-purpose from 5:10 p.m. to 5:15p.m. Our exercising plan will run from 5:20 p.m. to 6:05 p.m. with clean-up from 6:05 p.m. to 6:15 p.m. This consequences in a sum of 1 hr and 45 of face clip for each category and 3.5 entire hours per hebdomad. Over the class of the 10 hebdomad plan we will hold completed 3 5 hours of face clip at the Salvation Army ( See Appendix Salvation Army Activity Plan Schedule ) . Our end is to make an exercising manual that is comparatively easy to learn and execute so that voluntaries at the Salvation Army can run the plan with comparative easiness. Besides, by making a exercise manual with one modus operandi of exercisings, the participants can larn and execute the exercisings outside of the Salvation Army one time they no longer use the services of the Salvation Army. Our exercising plan will dwell of both aerophilic and strengthening constituents. The strength and aerophilic parts of our plan will dwell of 30 proceedingss of theraband, organic structure weight opposition, and assorted exercisings aiming the whole organic structure. Both constituents of the plan will dwell of exercisings that can be easy progressed or regressed to run into the assorted degrees of fittingness of our participants. We will get down our exercising plan with a 5 minute warm up of walking and dynamic stretching, and will reason with a 10 minute cool down of walking and stretching Resource Plan & A ; Budget The Salvation Army allows us to utilize a installation that is free of cost to us and the participants of our plan. As antecedently mentioned, we will utilize jerseies and day-to-day necessities as inducements. Cost of these and other possible supplies for our plan are listed in the tabular array below.ItemCostJerseies$ 250Daily necessity ItemsContributionsCleaning supplies ( perchance )$ 20Plants Cited American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 2nd Edition. APTA: Alexandria, VA ; 2003. Topic and Objectives Index- Physical Activity. US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx. Accessed Sep 17, 2012. Thompson W, Gordon N, Pescatello L, eds. 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